The article traces the history of the construction of the stone synagogue in Bežun village in the Płock guberniya, and attempts to reconstruct the circumstances of its creation. The authorship of the project has been established through analysis of hitherto unpublished sources, namely archival files of the Płock State Archives and memorial books of the Płock guberniya. Contrary to the previously held view, the architect of the synagogue was determined to be Ludomir Kamiński, rather than S. Kmita, who was the author of its unrealized design. The article also puts forward hypotheses concerning the sources of architectural solutions of the first and second projects of the synagogue. Sigismund Kmita’s unrealized project is probably related to the architecture of the synagogue in Piotrków Trybunalski, which was reconstructed in 1864. Both projects have a three-part facade division, a double Gothic window above the portal and lancet windows on the side parts of the facade, as well as a perspective portal. It is conceivable that the architect Kmita, who studied at the Piotrków Gymnasium during the reconstruction of the Piotrków Synagogue, it is conceivable that he may have incorporated some of its architectural features into his Bežun design. The Piotrków synagogue exhibits a connection with the neo-Gothic synagogue type first embodied in the synagogue in Kassel, Germany, in 1832. It is important to note, however, that the Piotrków synagogue is not an isolated example of this architectural genre in Poland. Similar facade compositions can be observed in the synagogues in Łomza (1880–1881) and Łódź (1899–1904). The hypothesis that the architect Ludomir Kamiński incorporated Orientalist decorative elements into his own project, including horseshoe and lancet windows, can be substantiated by evidence that he had been acquainted with sketches of Neo-Mauritanian synagogues in Europe. The conclusions drawn in the article contribute to the study of the architecture of Central and Eastern European synagogues of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.